🇷🇴 Romania

Romania has a clear and active regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with EU regulations such as MiCAR and national laws like GEO 10/2025. The financial supervisory authority ASF oversees crypto activities with ongoing regulatory updates and enforcement.

Overview

StatusLegal
Risk Score25/100 (Low Risk)
Regioneurope
CurrencyRON
Adoption Rank#37

Tax Information

Capital Gains (Personal)10% capital gains tax on crypto assets
Capital Gains (Corporate)16% corporate tax applies to crypto gains
VAT on CryptoNo
Staking TaxTaxed as income at 10% personal income tax rate
Airdrop TaxConsidered taxable income at 10% personal income tax rate

Crypto gains are subject to 10% personal capital gains tax and 16% corporate tax. VAT does not apply to crypto transactions. Staking and airdrops are taxed as income.

Licensing & Registration

RequiredYes
RegulatorASF / BNR
FrameworkMarkets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) and GEO 10/2025
Easemedium
Cost (USD)$15,000 - $80,000

Licensing is mandatory for crypto service providers under MiCAR and national legislation, with moderate complexity in application.

Laws & Regulations

NameYearStatusScope
Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)2023Activesupranational
Establishes a comprehensive EU framework for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs), stablecoin issuers (ART/EMT), and trading platforms; prohibits market abuse in crypto-assets; full application from 30 December 2024.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on Transfer of Funds and Certain Crypto-Assets (TFR)2023Activesupranational
Extends FATF Travel Rule to crypto-asset transfers; requires CASPs to collect and transmit originator/beneficiary information for all transfers, removing the EUR 1000 threshold; applies from 30 December 2024.
Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8)2023Activesupranational
Amends Directive 2011/16/EU to require mandatory automatic exchange of information on crypto-asset transactions held by EU tax residents; CASPs must report to national tax authorities from 1 January 2026.
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 on Digital Operational Resilience for the Financial Sector (DORA)2022Activesupranational
Mandates ICT risk management, incident reporting, third-party provider oversight, and digital operational resilience testing for financial entities including CASPs covered by MiCA; applies from 17 January 2025.
Directive (EU) 2018/843 (5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive)2018Activesupranational
First EU directive to bring crypto-asset exchange services and custodian wallet providers within AML/CFT scope; introduced KYC obligations and registration requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers.
Directive (EU) 2018/1673 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law (6AMLD)2018Activesupranational
Harmonises criminal-law definitions and penalties for money laundering across EU member states; establishes minimum custodial sentences and corporate liability rules applicable to crypto-related ML offences.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on Anti-Money Laundering Requirements (AML Regulation)2024Activesupranational
Replaces 5AMLD/6AMLD with a single AML Regulation directly applicable in all member states; tightens KYC/CDD requirements for CASPs and sets EUR 1000 cash-equivalent threshold for crypto transactions; phased application 2027.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2795 supplementing MiCA2024Activesupranational
MiCA Level 2 delegated act setting regulatory technical standards on information requirements and procedures for competent authority notifications under MiCA; part of the MiCA implementation package applicable from December 2024.

Enforcement Activity

Level: Low

ASF has issued consumer warnings about crypto risks. Enforcement capacity is still developing.

AML / KYC

KYC RequiredYes
Travel RuleYes
FATF MemberYes
FATF Statuscompliant
FATF BodyFATF
Suspicious-Activity ReportingYes

DeFi, Stablecoins & NFTs

Status: regulated

DeFi activities fall under the scope of MiCAR and national regulations, requiring compliance with licensing and AML rules.

Stablecoins

Status: regulated

Stablecoins are regulated under MiCAR framework with specific requirements for issuance and transparency.

NFTs

Status: no_rules

No specific NFT regulation

Mining

LegalYes
Electricity Cost$0.115/kWh
Renewable Energy44%
Infrastructuregood

Mining is legal and supported by moderate electricity costs and a significant share of renewable energy. Infrastructure is adequate for mining operations.

Geopolitical Risk

Stabilitystable
SanctionsNo
Corruption Index46/100
Banking Accessopen
Sanctions Program ActiveNo

Risk Factors

Romania is politically stable with no international sanctions. Corruption is moderate. The business environment is moderately easy, with open banking access for crypto firms.

Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Is cryptocurrency legal in Romania?

Romania has a clear and active regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with EU regulations such as MiCAR and national laws like GEO 10/2025. The financial supervisory authority ASF oversees crypto activities with ongoing regulatory updates and enforcement.

What is the FATF status of Romania?

Romania is classified by FATF as: compliant.

Are VASPs licensed in Romania?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

What is the AML/KYC regime in Romania?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

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Last reviewed: 2026-09-21 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map

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