🇷🇺 Russia

Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are restricted under the Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020). The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control, with no explicit supportive regulatory framework for crypto businesses.

Overview

StatusRestricted
Risk Score80/100 (Very High Risk)
Regioneurope
CurrencyRUB
Adoption Rank#5

Tax Information

Capital Gains (Personal)13% on income up to 2.4 million RUB/year; 15% above that threshold (standard PIT rates, no separate capital gains framework; crypto profits taxed as ordinary income)
Capital Gains (Corporate)25% corporate profit tax on crypto gains (same as standard corporate rate, effective 2025)
VAT on CryptoNo

Licensing & Registration

RequiredYes
RegulatorCBR / Rosfinmonitoring
FrameworkFederal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020)
Easehard
Cost (USD)$50,000 - $500,000

Licensing is required for crypto service providers, but obtaining licenses is difficult due to strict regulatory environment.

Enforcement Activity

Level: Moderate

Russian authorities have prosecuted crypto-related money laundering and fraud cases. The CBR has blocked access to certain crypto platforms. In 2025, authorities enforced mining registration requirements.

CBDC

StatusPilot
NameDigital Ruble
Issuing AuthorityBank of Russia
Modelretail

AML / KYC

KYC RequiredYes
Travel RuleYes
FATF MemberNo
FATF Statussuspended
FATF BodyFATF
Suspicious-Activity ReportingYes

DeFi, Stablecoins & NFTs

Status: Restricted

DeFi activities face regulatory restrictions and lack clear legal recognition in Russia.

Stablecoins

Status: evolving

Stablecoins classified as 'foreign digital rights' under Russian law. Ruble-pegged A7A5 stablecoin approved by CBR for cross-border trade settlements (October 2025), processing over $100bn in transactions by mid-2026. Bank of Russia studying feasibility of a national stablecoin in 2026. Privacy coins prohibited. Domestic payment use remains banned. EU has banned A7A5 (19th package Nov 2025), RUBx, and Russia's digital ruble (20th package, effective May 24 2026), severely limiting Western interaction. New standalone stablecoin bill under preparation for State Duma.

NFTs

Status: Unclear

No NFT-specific regulation. NFTs may be classified as digital rights or digital financial assets depending on structure.

Mining

LegalYes
Electricity Cost$0.038/kWh
Renewable Energy20%
Infrastructuregood

Mining is legal but restricted with regulatory oversight and some regional limitations. Electricity cost is low, supporting mining activity despite restrictions.

Geopolitical Risk

Stabilityunstable
SanctionsYes
Corruption Index29/100
Banking Accessvery_restricted

Risk Factors

Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Is cryptocurrency legal in Russia?

Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are restricted under the Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020). The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control, with no explicit supportive regulatory framework for crypto businesses.

What is the FATF status of Russia?

Russia is classified by FATF as: suspended.

Are VASPs licensed in Russia?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

What is the AML/KYC regime in Russia?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

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Last reviewed: 2026-06-01 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map

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