🇧🇪 Belgium

Belgium has a clear and legal regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) and Belgian AML laws. The FSMA actively monitors and warns the public about fraudulent crypto activities.

Overview

StatusLegal
Risk Score25/100 (Low Risk)
Regioneurope
CurrencyEUR
Adoption Rank#32

Tax Information

Capital Gains (Personal)Standard capital gains tax applies; no specific exemption for crypto gains
Capital Gains (Corporate)Corporate tax rate applies to crypto gains, approximately 25%
VAT on CryptoNo
Staking TaxTaxed as miscellaneous income or capital gains depending on circumstances
Airdrop TaxTaxed as miscellaneous income

Crypto gains are subject to standard personal and corporate taxation rules; VAT does not apply to crypto transactions.

Licensing & Registration

RequiredYes
RegulatorFSMA / NBB
FrameworkMarkets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)
Easemedium
Cost (USD)$30,000 - $200,000

Licensing follows EU MiCA framework; firms must comply with AML and operational requirements.

Laws & Regulations

NameYearStatusScope
Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)2023Activesupranational
Establishes a comprehensive EU framework for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs), stablecoin issuers (ART/EMT), and trading platforms; prohibits market abuse in crypto-assets; full application from 30 December 2024.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on Transfer of Funds and Certain Crypto-Assets (TFR)2023Activesupranational
Extends FATF Travel Rule to crypto-asset transfers; requires CASPs to collect and transmit originator/beneficiary information for all transfers, removing the EUR 1000 threshold; applies from 30 December 2024.
Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8)2023Activesupranational
Amends Directive 2011/16/EU to require mandatory automatic exchange of information on crypto-asset transactions held by EU tax residents; CASPs must report to national tax authorities from 1 January 2026.
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 on Digital Operational Resilience for the Financial Sector (DORA)2022Activesupranational
Mandates ICT risk management, incident reporting, third-party provider oversight, and digital operational resilience testing for financial entities including CASPs covered by MiCA; applies from 17 January 2025.
Directive (EU) 2018/843 (5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive)2018Activesupranational
First EU directive to bring crypto-asset exchange services and custodian wallet providers within AML/CFT scope; introduced KYC obligations and registration requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers.
Directive (EU) 2018/1673 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law (6AMLD)2018Activesupranational
Harmonises criminal-law definitions and penalties for money laundering across EU member states; establishes minimum custodial sentences and corporate liability rules applicable to crypto-related ML offences.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on Anti-Money Laundering Requirements (AML Regulation)2024Activesupranational
Replaces 5AMLD/6AMLD with a single AML Regulation directly applicable in all member states; tightens KYC/CDD requirements for CASPs and sets EUR 1000 cash-equivalent threshold for crypto transactions; phased application 2027.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2795 supplementing MiCA2024Activesupranational
MiCA Level 2 delegated act setting regulatory technical standards on information requirements and procedures for competent authority notifications under MiCA; part of the MiCA implementation package applicable from December 2024.

Enforcement Activity

Level: Moderate

FSMA maintains a list of fraudulent crypto platforms and has issued multiple consumer warnings. In 2025, FSMA enforced the crypto derivative advertising ban against several firms.

AML / KYC

KYC RequiredYes
Travel RuleYes
FATF MemberYes
FATF Statuscompliant
FATF BodyFATF
Suspicious-Activity ReportingYes

DeFi, Stablecoins & NFTs

Status: regulated

DeFi activities fall under the scope of MiCA and Belgian AML laws, requiring compliance with licensing and AML obligations.

Stablecoins

Status: regulated

Stablecoins are regulated under MiCA, requiring authorization and compliance with prudential rules.

NFTs

Status: Unclear

MiCA excludes unique NFTs. FSMA follows ESMA guidance on NFT classification. No additional Belgian NFT-specific rules.

Mining

LegalYes
Electricity Cost$0.19/kWh
Renewable Energy25%
Infrastructureexcellent

Mining is legal but relatively costly due to high electricity prices; good infrastructure supports operations.

Geopolitical Risk

Stabilitystable
SanctionsNo
Corruption Index73/100
Banking Accessopen
Sanctions Program ActiveYes

Risk Factors

Belgium is politically stable with strong institutions and good internet freedom. It is not under international sanctions and has an open banking environment for crypto businesses.

Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Is cryptocurrency legal in Belgium?

Belgium has a clear and legal regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) and Belgian AML laws. The FSMA actively monitors and warns the public about fraudulent crypto activities.

What is the FATF status of Belgium?

Belgium is classified by FATF as: compliant.

Are VASPs licensed in Belgium?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

What is the AML/KYC regime in Belgium?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

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Last reviewed: 2026-09-09 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map

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