Rwanda regulates virtual assets under Law No. 023/2026 of 25/05/2026 regulating virtual asset business, published in the Official Gazette on 28 May 2026. The Capital Market Authority is the lead regulator, with the National Bank of Rwanda covering financial stability and payment system aspects. Detailed implementing regulations are still being issued.
| Status | Legal |
| Risk Score | 25/100 (Low Risk) |
| Region | africa east |
| Currency | RWF |
| Capital Gains (Personal) | No crypto-specific rules; the 10% capital gains tax covers shares only, and income from a business activity is taxed at progressive personal income tax rates of 0% to 30% |
| Capital Gains (Corporate) | 28% standard corporate income tax |
| VAT on Crypto | No |
No crypto-specific tax guidance. Business profits are taxed at the 28% standard corporate rate. For individuals, the 10% capital gains tax applies to shares; business income is taxed at progressive rates of 0% to 30%. How gains on virtual assets are treated has not been set out.
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | CMA |
| Framework | Law No. 023/2026 of 25/05/2026 regulating virtual asset business |
| Ease | medium |
| Cost (USD) | $5,000 - $50,000 |
Only incorporated legal entities may provide virtual asset services and must be licensed by the Capital Market Authority; foreign-incorporated applicants must register and keep a local presence in Rwanda. The CMA also approves virtual asset issuance, tokenisation and stablecoins.
Limited enforcement; regulatory framework still developing.
| Status | Research |
| Name | e-Franc Rwandais |
| Issuing Authority | The National Bank of Rwanda |
| Model | retail |
| Technology | G+D (non-DLT) |
| KYC Required | Yes |
| Travel Rule | Yes |
| FATF Member | No |
| FATF Status | compliant |
| Suspicious-Activity Reporting | Yes |
Status: Legal
DeFi activities are legal and regulated under the existing virtual asset framework.
Status: regulated
Stablecoins are regulated under the Law on Virtual Asset Business with oversight by the Capital Market Authority.
Status: no_rules
No NFT regulation.
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.14/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 50% |
| Infrastructure | fair |
Mining is legal with moderate electricity costs and half of electricity sourced from renewables. Infrastructure is developing but not yet excellent.
| Stability | stable |
| Sanctions | No |
| Corruption Index | 54/100 |
| Banking Access | moderate |
| Sanctions Program Active | No |
Risk Factors
Rwanda is politically stable with moderate corruption and improving ease of doing business. No international sanctions apply. Internet freedom is partly free and banking access for crypto companies is moderate.
Rwanda regulates virtual assets under Law No. 023/2026 of 25/05/2026 regulating virtual asset business, published in the Official Gazette on 28 May 2026. The Capital Market Authority is the lead regulator, with the National Bank of Rwanda covering financial stability and payment system aspects. Detailed implementing regulations are still being issued.
Rwanda is classified by FATF as: compliant.
Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.
KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.
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Explore IT Services →Last reviewed: 2026-09-07 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map
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