---
type: country
domain: crypto-regulation
status: stable
tags: ["crypto-regulation", "europe", "restricted"]
aliases: ["RU", "RUS", "Россия"]
created: 2026-06-01
updated: 2026-02-15
compile_into: ["[[country--russia]]"]
sources:
  - name: "Central Bank of Russia"
    url: "https://www.cbr.ru"
    type: "official"
  - name: "Russian Federal Law Portal"
    url: "https://pravo.gov.ru"
    type: "official"
---

# 🇷🇺 [[country--russia|Russia]] (RU) — Crypto Regulation

> Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are restricted under the Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020). The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control, with no explicit supportive regulatory framework for crypto businesses.

## Overview

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | Restricted |
| Risk Score | 80/100 (Very High Risk) |
| Enforcement Level | Moderate |
| Region | [[domain--europe|europe]] |
| Currency | [[entity--rub|RUB]] |
| Adoption Rank | #5 |

## Tax

| Type | Rate |
|------|------|
| Capital Gains (Personal) | 13% on income up to 2.4 million RUB/year; 15% above that threshold (standard PIT rates, no separate capital gains framework; crypto profits taxed as ordinary income) |
| Capital Gains (Corporate) | 25% corporate profit tax on crypto gains (same as standard corporate rate, effective 2025) |
| VAT on Crypto | No |
| Mining Tax | Mining income taxed at standard PIT rates (13-15% for individuals; 25% for corporate entities). Miners taxed on market value of coins at time of receipt. Miners using >6,000 kWh/month must register as business entity. Mining infrastructure operators must report quarterly to authorities. |

## Licensing

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | [[entity--cbr|CBR]] / Rosfinmonitoring |
| Framework | Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020) |
| Ease | hard |
| Cost | $50,000 - $500,000 |
| Timeline | 6-18 months |

Licensing is required for crypto service providers, but obtaining licenses is difficult due to strict regulatory environment.

## AML / KYC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| KYC Required | <span style="color:var(--text-dim,#888)">&mdash;</span> |
| Travel Rule | <span style="color:var(--text-dim,#888)">&mdash;</span> |
| FATF Member | <span style="color:var(--text-dim,#888)">&mdash;</span> |

## DeFi

**Status:** Restricted

DeFi activities face regulatory restrictions and lack clear legal recognition in Russia.

## Stablecoins

**Status:** Unknown

## NFTs

**Status:** Unclear

No NFT-specific regulation. NFTs may be classified as digital rights or digital financial assets depending on structure.

## Mining

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.038/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 20% |
| Climate | continental |
| Infrastructure | good |

Mining is legal but restricted with regulatory oversight and some regional limitations. Electricity cost is low, supporting mining activity despite restrictions.

## Geopolitics

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Sanctions | <span style="color:var(--text-dim,#888)">&mdash;</span> |

## Enforcement

Russian authorities have prosecuted crypto-related money laundering and fraud cases. The CBR has blocked access to certain crypto platforms. In 2025, authorities enforced mining registration requirements.

## CBDC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | pilot |
| Name | Digital Ruble |
| Authority | Bank of Russia |
| Type | retail |

## FAQ

### Is cryptocurrency legal in Russia?

Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are restricted under the Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020). The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control, with no explicit supportive regulatory framework for crypto businesses.

### Are VASPs licensed in Russia?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

---

*Data source: [Soken Crypto Legal Map](https://soken.dev/crypto-map/). Last reviewed: 2026-06-01.*

**Sources:**
- [Central Bank of Russia](https://www.cbr.ru)
- [Russian Federal Law Portal](https://pravo.gov.ru)