---
type: country
domain: crypto-regulation
status: stable
tags: ["crypto-regulation", "europe", "restricted"]
aliases: ["RU", "RUS", "Россия"]
created: 2026-09-05
updated: 2026-02-15
compile_into: ["[[country--russia]]"]
sources:
  - name: "Central Bank of Russia"
    url: "https://www.cbr.ru"
    type: "official"
  - name: "Russian Federal Law Portal"
    url: "https://pravo.gov.ru"
    type: "official"
  - name: "Federal Law No. 282-FZ of 4 August 2026 'On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights'"
    url: "https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_540983"
    type: "official"
  - name: "Federal Tax Service: taxation of digital currency mining and disposal"
    url: "https://www.nalog.gov.ru/mining"
    type: "official"
---

# 🇷🇺 [[country--russia|Russia]] (RU): Crypto Regulation

> Russia remains restrictive: crypto cannot be used as payment, but Federal Law No. 282-FZ 'On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights' (4 August 2026) recognises crypto as property and allows purchases through Bank of Russia-admitted exchange organisations, brokers and trading venues. Mining is regulated and crypto income is taxed under the 2025 Tax Code rules.

## Overview

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | Restricted |
| Risk Score | 80/100 (Very High Risk) |
| Enforcement Level | Moderate |
| Region | [[domain--europe|europe]] |
| Currency | [[entity--rub|RUB]] |
| Adoption Rank | #5 |

## Tax

| Type | Rate |
|------|------|
| Capital Gains (Personal) | 13% on income from sale and other disposal of digital currency up to RUB 2.4 million per year; 15% above that threshold. Mining income taxed at progressive 13% to 22% |
| Capital Gains (Corporate) | 25% corporate profit tax on crypto gains (same as standard corporate rate, effective 2025) |
| VAT on Crypto | No |
| Mining Tax | Mining income taxed at standard PIT rates (13-15% for individuals; 25% for corporate entities). Miners taxed on market value of coins at time of receipt. Miners using >6,000 kWh/month must register as business entity. Mining infrastructure operators must report quarterly to authorities. |

Since 2025 digital currency is treated as property for tax purposes. Individuals pay 13% (15% above RUB 2.4 million) on gains from disposing of crypto and progressive 13% to 22% on mining income; companies pay 25% profit tax. Mining and sales of digital currency are exempt from VAT under Federal Law No. 418-FZ.

## Licensing

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | [[entity--bank-of-russia|Bank of Russia]] / Rosfinmonitoring |
| Framework | Federal Law No. 282-FZ 'On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights' (4 August 2026); Federal Law No. 259-FZ (2020) for digital financial assets |
| Ease | hard |
| Cost | $50,000 - $500,000 |
| Timeline | 6-18 months |

Licensing is required for crypto service providers, but obtaining licenses is difficult due to strict regulatory environment.

## AML / KYC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| KYC Required | Yes |
| Travel Rule | Yes |
| FATF Member | No |
| FATF Status | suspended |

## DeFi

**Status:** Restricted

DeFi activities face regulatory restrictions and lack clear legal recognition in Russia.

## Stablecoins

**Status:** evolving

Stablecoins classified as 'foreign digital rights' under Russian law. Ruble-pegged A7A5 stablecoin approved by CBR for cross-border trade settlements (October 2025), processing over $100bn in transactions by mid-2026. Bank of Russia studying feasibility of a national stablecoin in 2026. Privacy coins prohibited. Domestic payment use remains banned. EU has banned A7A5 (19th package Nov 2025), RUBx, and Russia's digital ruble (20th package, effective May 24 2026), severely limiting Western interaction. New standalone stablecoin bill under preparation for State Duma.

## NFTs

**Status:** Unclear

No NFT-specific regulation. NFTs may be classified as digital rights or digital financial assets depending on structure.

## Mining

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.038/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 20% |
| Climate | continental |
| Infrastructure | fair |

Mining is legal but restricted with regulatory oversight and some regional bans. Electricity costs are low, but infrastructure outside major cities is moderate. Cooling costs affected by continental climate.

## Geopolitics

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Stability | moderate |
| Sanctions | Yes |
| Corruption Index | 28/100 |
| Ease of Business | difficult |
| Internet Freedom | partly_free |
| Banking Access | restricted |
| Sanctions Programs Active | Yes |

### Recent Political Events

- 2024-02-24: Escalation of conflict in Ukraine leading to expanded Western sanctions.: Increased regulatory scrutiny and restrictions on crypto transactions and exchanges.
- 2025-06-15: Russian Central Bank issues updated guidance on digital assets.: Clarified regulatory framework but maintained restrictions on crypto service providers.

## Enforcement

Russian authorities have prosecuted crypto-related money laundering and fraud cases. The CBR has blocked access to certain crypto platforms. In 2025, authorities enforced mining registration requirements.

## CBDC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | pilot |
| Name | Digital Ruble |
| Authority | Bank of Russia |
| Type | retail |

## FAQ

### Is cryptocurrency legal in Russia?

Russia remains restrictive: crypto cannot be used as payment, but Federal Law No. 282-FZ 'On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights' (4 August 2026) recognises crypto as property and allows purchases through Bank of Russia-admitted exchange organisations, brokers and trading venues. Mining is regulated and crypto income is taxed under the 2025 Tax Code rules.

### What is the FATF status of Russia?

Russia is classified by FATF as: suspended.

### Are VASPs licensed in Russia?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

### What is the AML/KYC regime in Russia?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

---

*Data source: [Soken Crypto Legal Map](https://soken.dev/crypto-map/). Last reviewed: 2026-09-05.*

**Sources:**
- [Central Bank of Russia](https://www.cbr.ru)
- [Russian Federal Law Portal](https://pravo.gov.ru)
- [Federal Law No. 282-FZ of 4 August 2026 'On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights'](https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_540983)
- [Federal Tax Service: taxation of digital currency mining and disposal](https://www.nalog.gov.ru/mining)