---
type: country
domain: crypto-regulation
status: stable
tags: ["crypto-regulation", "europe", "fatf", "restricted"]
aliases: ["RU", "RUS", "Россия"]
created: 2026-05-06
updated: 2026-02-15
compile_into: ["[[country--russia]]"]
sources:
  - name: "Central Bank of Russia"
    url: "https://www.cbr.ru"
    type: "official"
  - name: "Russian Federal Law Portal"
    url: "https://pravo.gov.ru"
    type: "official"
---

# 🇷🇺 [[country--russia|Russia]] (RU) — Crypto Regulation

> Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are restricted under the Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020). The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control, with no explicit supportive regulatory framework for crypto businesses.

## Overview

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | Restricted |
| Risk Score | 85/100 (Very High Risk) |
| Enforcement Level | Moderate |
| Region | [[domain--europe|europe]] |
| Currency | [[entity--rub|RUB]] |
| Adoption Rank | #5 |

## Tax

| Type | Rate |
|------|------|
| VAT on Crypto | No |

## Licensing

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | [[entity--cbr|CBR]] / Rosfinmonitoring |
| Framework | Federal Law 'On Digital Financial Assets' (2020) |
| Ease | hard |
| Cost | $50,000 - $500,000 |
| Timeline | 6-18 months |

Licensing is required for crypto service providers, but obtaining licenses is difficult due to strict regulatory environment.

## AML / KYC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| KYC Required | Yes |
| Travel Rule | Yes |
| [[concept--fatf|FATF]] Member | Yes |
| FATF Status | suspended |

## DeFi

**Status:** Restricted

DeFi activities face regulatory restrictions and lack clear legal recognition in Russia.

## Stablecoins

**Status:** Restricted

Stablecoins are restricted and subject to regulatory scrutiny under existing digital asset laws.

## NFTs

**Status:** Unclear

No NFT-specific regulation. NFTs may be classified as digital rights or digital financial assets depending on structure.

## Mining

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.038/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 20% |
| Climate | continental |
| Infrastructure | good |

Mining is legal but restricted with regulatory oversight and some regional limitations. Electricity cost is low, supporting mining activity despite restrictions.

## Geopolitics

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Stability | unstable |
| Sanctions | Yes |
| Corruption Index | 29/100 |
| Ease of Business | difficult |
| Internet Freedom | partly_free |
| Banking Access | very_restricted |
| Sanctions Programs Active | Yes |

### Recent Political Events

- 2024-11-15: New crypto regulations introduced tightening control over exchanges and mining — Increased regulatory scrutiny and compliance requirements for crypto businesses

## Enforcement

Russian authorities have prosecuted crypto-related money laundering and fraud cases. The CBR has blocked access to certain crypto platforms. In 2025, authorities enforced mining registration requirements.

## CBDC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | pilot |
| Name | Digital Ruble |
| Authority | Bank of Russia |
| Type | retail |

---

*Data source: [Soken Crypto Legal Map](https://soken.dev/crypto-map/). Last reviewed: 2026-05-06.*

**Sources:**
- [Central Bank of Russia](https://www.cbr.ru)
- [Russian Federal Law Portal](https://pravo.gov.ru)