---
type: country
domain: crypto-regulation
status: stable
tags: ["crypto-regulation", "europe", "legal"]
aliases: ["RO", "ROU", "România"]
created: 2026-09-21
updated: 2025-12-01
compile_into: ["[[country--romania]]"]
sources:
  - name: "ASF Romania"
    url: "https://www.asfromania.ro"
    type: "official"
  - name: "KPMG TIES 2026: Romania"
    url: "https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmgsites/xx/pdf/2023/01/TIES-Romania.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf"
    type: "secondary"
  - name: "accace.com"
    url: "https://www.accace.com/legislative-changes-introduced-in-romania"
    type: "reference"
---

# 🇷🇴 [[country--romania|Romania]] (RO): Crypto Regulation

> Romania has a clear and active regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with EU regulations such as MiCAR and national laws like GEO 10/2025. The financial supervisory authority ASF oversees crypto activities with ongoing regulatory updates and enforcement.

## Overview

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | Legal |
| Risk Score | 25/100 (Low Risk) |
| Enforcement Level | Low |
| Region | [[domain--europe|europe]] |
| Currency | [[entity--ron|RON]] |
| Adoption Rank | #37 |

## Tax

| Type | Rate |
|------|------|
| Capital Gains (Personal) | 16% tax on crypto gains from 1 January 2026 (up from 10%); gains under RON 200 per transaction exempt if annual total does not exceed RON 600 |
| Capital Gains (Corporate) | 16% corporate tax applies to crypto gains |
| VAT on Crypto | No |
| Mining Tax | Mining income taxed as business income at 16% corporate tax rate |
| Staking Tax | Taxed as income at 10% personal income tax rate |
| Airdrop Tax | Considered taxable income at 10% personal income tax rate |

From 1 January 2026 Romania taxes individuals' crypto gains at 16% (previously 10%), with a small de minimis exemption (gains under RON 200 per transaction and RON 600 per year). Companies pay 16% corporate income tax. VAT does not apply to crypto exchange transactions.

## Licensing

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | [[entity--asf|ASF]] / BNR |
| Framework | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) and GEO 10/2025 |
| Ease | medium |
| Cost | $15,000 - $80,000 |
| Timeline | 4-10 months |

Licensing is mandatory for crypto service providers under MiCAR and national legislation, with moderate complexity in application.

## Laws & Regulations

| Name | Year | Status | Scope |
|------|------|--------|-------|
| [Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-Assets ([[concept--mica|MiCA]])](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on Transfer of Funds and Certain Crypto-Assets (TFR)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1113) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023L2226) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 on Digital Operational Resilience for the Financial Sector (DORA)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2554) | 2022 | active | supranational |
| [Directive (EU) 2018/843 (5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018L0843) | 2018 | active | supranational |
| [Directive (EU) 2018/1673 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law (6AMLD)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018L1673) | 2018 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on Anti-Money Laundering Requirements (AML Regulation)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1624) | 2024 | active | supranational |
| [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2795 supplementing MiCA](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R2795) | 2024 | active | supranational |

Establishes a comprehensive EU framework for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs), stablecoin issuers (ART/EMT), and trading platforms; prohibits market abuse in crypto-assets; full application from 30 December 2024.
Extends FATF Travel Rule to crypto-asset transfers; requires CASPs to collect and transmit originator/beneficiary information for all transfers, removing the EUR 1000 threshold; applies from 30 December 2024.
Amends Directive 2011/16/EU to require mandatory automatic exchange of information on crypto-asset transactions held by EU tax residents; CASPs must report to national tax authorities from 1 January 2026.
Mandates ICT risk management, incident reporting, third-party provider oversight, and digital operational resilience testing for financial entities including CASPs covered by MiCA; applies from 17 January 2025.
First EU directive to bring crypto-asset exchange services and custodian wallet providers within AML/CFT scope; introduced KYC obligations and registration requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers.
Harmonises criminal-law definitions and penalties for money laundering across EU member states; establishes minimum custodial sentences and corporate liability rules applicable to crypto-related ML offences.
Replaces 5AMLD/6AMLD with a single AML Regulation directly applicable in all member states; tightens KYC/CDD requirements for CASPs and sets EUR 1000 cash-equivalent threshold for crypto transactions; phased application 2027.
MiCA Level 2 delegated act setting regulatory technical standards on information requirements and procedures for competent authority notifications under MiCA; part of the MiCA implementation package applicable from December 2024.

## AML / KYC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| KYC Required | Yes |
| Travel Rule | Yes |
| FATF Member | No |
| FATF Status | compliant |

## DeFi

**Status:** regulated

DeFi activities fall under the scope of MiCAR and national regulations, requiring compliance with licensing and AML rules.

## Stablecoins

**Status:** regulated

Stablecoins are regulated under MiCAR framework with specific requirements for issuance and transparency.

## NFTs

**Status:** no_rules

No specific NFT regulation

## Mining

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.115/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 44% |
| Climate | temperate |
| Infrastructure | good |

Mining is legal and supported by moderate electricity costs and a significant share of renewable energy. Infrastructure is adequate for mining operations.

## Geopolitics

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Stability | stable |
| Sanctions | No |
| Corruption Index | 46/100 |
| Ease of Business | moderate |
| Internet Freedom | free |
| Banking Access | open |
| Sanctions Programs Active | No |

## Enforcement

ASF has issued consumer warnings about crypto risks. Enforcement capacity is still developing.

## CBDC Status: unknown

## FAQ

### Is cryptocurrency legal in Romania?

Romania has a clear and active regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with EU regulations such as MiCAR and national laws like GEO 10/2025. The financial supervisory authority ASF oversees crypto activities with ongoing regulatory updates and enforcement.

### What is the FATF status of Romania?

Romania is classified by FATF as: compliant.

### Are VASPs licensed in Romania?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

### What is the AML/KYC regime in Romania?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

---

*Data source: [Soken Crypto Legal Map](https://soken.dev/crypto-map/). Last reviewed: 2026-09-21.*

**Sources:**
- [ASF Romania](https://www.asfromania.ro)
- [KPMG TIES 2026: Romania](https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmgsites/xx/pdf/2023/01/TIES-Romania.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf)
- [accace.com](https://www.accace.com/legislative-changes-introduced-in-romania)