---
type: country
domain: crypto-regulation
status: stable
tags: ["crypto-regulation", "europe", "fatf", "legal"]
aliases: ["BE", "BEL", "België / Belgique / Belgien"]
created: 2026-09-09
updated: 2026-01-10
compile_into: ["[[country--belgium]]"]
sources:
  - name: "FSMA"
    url: "https://www.fsma.be"
    type: "official"
  - name: "EU [[concept--mica|MiCA]] Regulation"
    url: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu"
    type: "official"
  - name: "FSMA: Crypto-Asset Service Provider (CASP)"
    url: "https://www.fsma.be/en/crypto-asset-service-provider-casp"
    type: "official"
  - name: "NBB: Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation"
    url: "https://www.nbb.be/en/financial-supervision/supervision-financial-institutions/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-micar"
    type: "official"
  - name: "pwc.be"
    url: "https://www.pwc.be/en/news-publications/news/2026/circular-letter-on-new-belgian-capital-gains-tax-on-financial-assets.html"
    type: "reference"
  - name: "taxsummaries.pwc.com"
    url: "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/quick-charts/corporate-income-tax-cit-rates"
    type: "reference"
---

# 🇧🇪 [[country--belgium|Belgium]] (BE): Crypto Regulation

> Belgium has a clear and legal regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) and Belgian AML laws. The FSMA actively monitors and warns the public about fraudulent crypto activities.

## Overview

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Status | Legal |
| Risk Score | 25/100 (Low Risk) |
| Enforcement Level | Moderate |
| Region | [[domain--europe|europe]] |
| Currency | [[entity--eur|EUR]] |
| Adoption Rank | #32 |

## Tax

| Type | Rate |
|------|------|
| Capital Gains (Personal) | 10% capital gains tax on financial assets, including crypto-assets, for gains realised from 1 January 2026 within normal management of private assets; first EUR 10,000 of annual gains exempt (indexed) |
| Capital Gains (Corporate) | 25% corporate income tax |
| VAT on Crypto | No |
| Mining Tax | Mining income taxed as professional income |
| Staking Tax | Taxed as miscellaneous income or capital gains depending on circumstances |
| Airdrop Tax | Taxed as miscellaneous income |

Since 1 January 2026 individuals pay a 10% capital gains tax on financial assets, including crypto-assets, realised within normal management of private assets (Law of 6 April 2026, Circular 2026/C/74), with an indexed annual exemption of EUR 10,000; gains accrued up to 31 December 2025 are stepped up. Gains from speculative or professional activity fall under other income tax regimes. Companies pay 25% corporate income tax. Exchanging crypto for fiat is VAT exempt.

## Licensing

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Required | Yes |
| Regulator | [[entity--fsma|FSMA]] / NBB |
| Framework | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA), implemented by the Law of 11 December 2025 |
| Ease | medium |
| Cost | $30,000 - $200,000 |
| Timeline | 4-12 months |

Licensing follows EU MiCA framework; firms must comply with AML and operational requirements.

## Laws & Regulations

| Name | Year | Status | Scope |
|------|------|--------|-------|
| [Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on Transfer of Funds and Certain Crypto-Assets (TFR)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1113) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023L2226) | 2023 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 on Digital Operational Resilience for the Financial Sector (DORA)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2554) | 2022 | active | supranational |
| [Directive (EU) 2018/843 (5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018L0843) | 2018 | active | supranational |
| [Directive (EU) 2018/1673 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law (6AMLD)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018L1673) | 2018 | active | supranational |
| [Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on Anti-Money Laundering Requirements (AML Regulation)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1624) | 2024 | active | supranational |
| [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2795 supplementing MiCA](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R2795) | 2024 | active | supranational |

Establishes a comprehensive EU framework for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs), stablecoin issuers (ART/EMT), and trading platforms; prohibits market abuse in crypto-assets; full application from 30 December 2024.
Extends [[concept--fatf|FATF]] Travel Rule to crypto-asset transfers; requires CASPs to collect and transmit originator/beneficiary information for all transfers, removing the EUR 1000 threshold; applies from 30 December 2024.
Amends Directive 2011/16/EU to require mandatory automatic exchange of information on crypto-asset transactions held by EU tax residents; CASPs must report to national tax authorities from 1 January 2026.
Mandates ICT risk management, incident reporting, third-party provider oversight, and digital operational resilience testing for financial entities including CASPs covered by MiCA; applies from 17 January 2025.
First EU directive to bring crypto-asset exchange services and custodian wallet providers within AML/CFT scope; introduced KYC obligations and registration requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers.
Harmonises criminal-law definitions and penalties for money laundering across EU member states; establishes minimum custodial sentences and corporate liability rules applicable to crypto-related ML offences.
Replaces 5AMLD/6AMLD with a single AML Regulation directly applicable in all member states; tightens KYC/CDD requirements for CASPs and sets EUR 1000 cash-equivalent threshold for crypto transactions; phased application 2027.
MiCA Level 2 delegated act setting regulatory technical standards on information requirements and procedures for competent authority notifications under MiCA; part of the MiCA implementation package applicable from December 2024.

## AML / KYC

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| KYC Required | Yes |
| Travel Rule | Yes |
| FATF Member | Yes |
| FATF Status | compliant |

## DeFi

**Status:** regulated

DeFi activities fall under the scope of MiCA and Belgian AML laws, requiring compliance with licensing and AML obligations.

## Stablecoins

**Status:** regulated

Stablecoins are regulated under MiCA, requiring authorization and compliance with prudential rules.

## NFTs

**Status:** Unclear

MiCA excludes unique NFTs. FSMA follows ESMA guidance on NFT classification. No additional Belgian NFT-specific rules.

## Mining

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Legal | Yes |
| Electricity Cost | $0.19/kWh |
| Renewable Energy | 25% |
| Climate | temperate |
| Infrastructure | excellent |

Mining is legal but relatively costly due to high electricity prices; good infrastructure supports operations.

## Geopolitics

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Stability | stable |
| Sanctions | No |
| Corruption Index | 73/100 |
| Ease of Business | easy |
| Internet Freedom | free |
| Banking Access | open |
| Sanctions Programs Active | Yes |

## Enforcement

FSMA maintains a list of fraudulent crypto platforms and has issued multiple consumer warnings. In 2025, FSMA enforced the crypto derivative advertising ban against several firms.

## CBDC Status: in_development

## FAQ

### Is cryptocurrency legal in Belgium?

Belgium has a clear and legal regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, aligned with the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) and Belgian AML laws. The FSMA actively monitors and warns the public about fraudulent crypto activities.

### What is the FATF status of Belgium?

Belgium is classified by FATF as: compliant.

### Are VASPs licensed in Belgium?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

### What is the AML/KYC regime in Belgium?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

---

*Data source: [Soken Crypto Legal Map](https://soken.dev/crypto-map/). Last reviewed: 2026-09-09.*

**Sources:**
- [FSMA](https://www.fsma.be)
- [EU MiCA Regulation](https://eur-lex.europa.eu)
- [FSMA: Crypto-Asset Service Provider (CASP)](https://www.fsma.be/en/crypto-asset-service-provider-casp)
- [NBB: Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation](https://www.nbb.be/en/financial-supervision/supervision-financial-institutions/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-micar)
- [pwc.be](https://www.pwc.be/en/news-publications/news/2026/circular-letter-on-new-belgian-capital-gains-tax-on-financial-assets.html)
- [taxsummaries.pwc.com](https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/quick-charts/corporate-income-tax-cit-rates)