🇷🇺 Moscow City

Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are under significant regulatory restrictions, with the Federal Law on Digital Currency 2024 providing the legal framework. The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control.

Overview

StatusRestricted
Risk Score95/100 (Very High Risk)
Regioneurope
CurrencyRUB

Tax Information

Capital Gains (Personal)13% on income up to 2.4M RUB/year; 15% on income above 2.4M RUB/year; 30% for non-residents. Treated as personal income tax on property (not a separate CGT). Effective January 1 2025.
Capital Gains (Corporate)25% corporate profit tax on crypto operations for legal entities. Effective January 1 2025.
VAT on CryptoNo

Licensing & Registration

RequiredYes
RegulatorBank of Russia (primary); Federal Tax Service (miners); Rosfinmonitoring (AML)
FrameworkFederal Law No. 259-FZ on Digital Financial Assets and Digital Currency (2020, amended Nov 2024); Tax Code amendments effective Jan 1 2025; CBR Concept Paper on Crypto Market Regulation (Dec 23 2025)

Enforcement Activity

Level: Moderate

Enforcement focused on unlicensed operators and AML/KYC violations

AML / KYC

KYC RequiredYes
Travel RuleNo
FATF MemberNo
FATF Statussuspended
FATF BodyEAG (Eurasian Group — retained membership)
Suspicious-Activity ReportingYes

DeFi, Stablecoins & NFTs

Status: Restricted

DeFi activities may face restrictions under existing financial regulations

Stablecoins

Status: Restricted

No dedicated domestic stablecoin legal framework. Stablecoins classified as monetary assets under Dec 2025 CBR concept but cannot be used for domestic payments. Russian ruble-backed tokens (A7A5) designated by OFAC Aug 2025. Digital Ruble (CBDC) and RUBx added to EU banned assets list (20th sanctions package Apr 2026). Foreign stablecoin use for domestic payments prohibited.

NFTs

Status: no_rules

No specific NFT regulation; may be subject to existing financial rules

Mining

LegalYes
Electricity Cost$0.15/kWh
Renewable Energy30%
Infrastructuregood

Mining is legal but heavily regulated and restricted under current laws. Electricity costs are relatively high compared to global averages.

Geopolitical Risk

Stabilitylow
SanctionsYes
Corruption Index29/100
Banking Accessseverely_restricted

Risk Factors

Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Is cryptocurrency legal in Moscow?

Cryptocurrency activities in Russia are under significant regulatory restrictions, with the Federal Law on Digital Currency 2024 providing the legal framework. The Central Bank of Russia maintains a cautious stance, emphasizing financial stability and inflation control.

What is the FATF status of Moscow?

Moscow is classified by FATF as: suspended.

Are VASPs licensed in Moscow?

Yes, licensing is required for VASPs.

What is the AML/KYC regime in Moscow?

KYC is mandatory for crypto businesses.

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Last reviewed: 2026-06-01 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map

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